Nouns

Nouns are words that refer to people, animals, places and things.
Common nouns are names given to people, animals, places and things.

Examples
1. people – man, boy, girl, husband, uncle, niece, king, princess
2. animals – cat, tiger, ant, eagle, shark, monkey, turtle
3. places – school, field, cinema, house, zoo
4. things – umbrella, knife, cup, table, book

Proper nouns are names given to people and places.

Examples
1. people – Rashid, Helen, Hui Woon.
2. places – Bukit Jalil Sports Complex, K.L. Tower, London Bridge, Eiffel Tower
3. countries and cities – The United Kingdom, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted.

Examples
one boy	twenty oranges	six horses	twelve candles

Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted.

Examples

Prepositions

Prepositions are words that we use before nouns or pronouns.
There are prepositions of directions, time, place and position.

1. Prepositions of direction

Daud is walking up the stairs.	Adrian is running down the stairs.
The bird flew in through the window.	Tim jumped over the fence.
They walked along the row of houses.	She has returned from town.
I am walking to school.	Richard came into the room.
My brother is taking off his shirt,	The taxi went past the mosque.
The boys ran across the road.	They are running round the tree.

2. Prepositions of time

In
Examples

Jalil was born in 1986.
The holidays will be in December.
We leave for Penang in a week's time.
We go to school in the morning.

At
Examples

We will meet my father at night.
The class began at three o'clock.
At what time is he leaving?

On
Examples

Malaysia gained independence on 31 August 1957.

He goes swimming on Tuesday.

On what day is Deepavali?

During
Examples

We will visit our grandfather during the holidays.

It is cool during the night.

We had a quiz during our History class yesterday.

For
Examples

The football team trained for a month.

We lived in Subang Jaya for three years.

They will be in America for a fortnight.

Since
Examples

He has been studying in Australia since 2002.

Farouk has not written to me since January.

There was been no rain since last month.

We have not played football since Salim left our kampung.

3. Prepositions of time

The book is on the chair.	The ball is under the table.
The fan is above the boy.	The cat is between the three and the car.
The boy is beside the car.	Haiqal sits next to Harjit in class.
The walking stick is against the wall.	The teacher is standing among his pupils.
There is a kitten in the box.	The spoon is near the bowl.

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that join words, phrases and sentences.

and, because, but, or, so, therefore, although, if

Examples
1. and
1. Gary likes nasi lemak. Bala likes nasi lemak.
   Gary and Bala like nasi lemak.


2. The baby can stand. The baby can crawl.
   The baby can stand and crawl.

2. but
1. Lim wants to play football. Halim wants to play hockey.
   Lim wants to play football but Halim wants to play hockey.


2. Fariza wants to help her brother. Fariza is sick.
   Fariza wants to help her brother but she is sick.

3. so
1. She was hungry. She cooked some food.
   She was hungry so she cooked some food.


2. They were tired. They rested for an hour.
   They were tired so they rested for an hour.

4. although
1. They came to the class. It was raining.
   They came to the class, although it was raining.


2. We must finish our work. We are very sleepy.
   Although we are very sleepy, we must finish our work.

5. if
1. Saras can help you. She has the book.
   Saras can help you if she has the book.


2. You will not get wet. You have an umbrella.
   You will not get wet if you have an umbrella.

6. because
1. The baby is crying. The baby is hungry.
   The baby is crying because he is hungry.


2. The table is going to break. The legs are weak.
   The tables is going to break because the legs are weak.

7. or
Does Julie want a red dress? Does Julie want a blue dress?
Does Julie want a red or blue dress?

Tips for Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension

PAPER 1 UPSR (E31 – 40)

		UPSR Format
		Two Stimuli

Questions 31 – 35 Types of stimulus: Notices Advertisements Diary entries Timetables Maps & flow charts		Questions 36 – 40 Types of stimulus: Letters Speeches Dialogues Factual passages Narrative passages

	Five multiple-choice questions are given after each stimulus.
		Types of Questions Understanding main ideas Locating details Sequencing ideas/events Understanding meaning of words Recognising cause and effect relationships Predicting outcomes Drawing conclusions

UPSR-CLONED QUESTION UPSR 2007: Question 33 The phrase Twiddled our thumbs means A did nothing B waited patiently C twisted our fingers D exercised our thumbs

UPSR-CLONED QUESTION UPSR 2007: Question 40 Which of the following statements is not true? A The flute is played by all pupils. B The flute is difficult to play. C Flutes cost a lot of money. D Flutes are very popular.

HOW TO SCORE AN 'A'

Read the instructions carefully.

Read the texts or study the stimulus given carefully.

Go through each question and all the options given.

Choose the best answer from the options given.

Circle A, B, C or D to mark the correct answers.

HOT TIPS

You are advised to spend only 15 minutes on this section. Answer all the easy questions first. Then go back to the difficult questions. Do not waste time. Cross out the options, one by one until you get the correct answer.

Essay :)

Essay