Nouns

Nouns are words that refer to people, animals, places and things.
Common nouns are names given to people, animals, places and things.

Examples
1. people – man, boy, girl, husband, uncle, niece, king, princess
2. animals – cat, tiger, ant, eagle, shark, monkey, turtle
3. places – school, field, cinema, house, zoo
4. things – umbrella, knife, cup, table, book

Proper nouns are names given to people and places.

Examples
1. people – Rashid, Helen, Hui Woon.
2. places – Bukit Jalil Sports Complex, K.L. Tower, London Bridge, Eiffel Tower
3. countries and cities – The United Kingdom, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted.

Examples
one boy	twenty oranges	six horses	twelve candles

Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted.

Examples

Prepositions

Prepositions are words that we use before nouns or pronouns.
There are prepositions of directions, time, place and position.

1. Prepositions of direction

Daud is walking up the stairs.	Adrian is running down the stairs.
The bird flew in through the window.	Tim jumped over the fence.
They walked along the row of houses.	She has returned from town.
I am walking to school.	Richard came into the room.
My brother is taking off his shirt,	The taxi went past the mosque.
The boys ran across the road.	They are running round the tree.

2. Prepositions of time

In
Examples

Jalil was born in 1986.
The holidays will be in December.
We leave for Penang in a week's time.
We go to school in the morning.

At
Examples

We will meet my father at night.
The class began at three o'clock.
At what time is he leaving?

On
Examples

Malaysia gained independence on 31 August 1957.

He goes swimming on Tuesday.

On what day is Deepavali?

During
Examples

We will visit our grandfather during the holidays.

It is cool during the night.

We had a quiz during our History class yesterday.

For
Examples

The football team trained for a month.

We lived in Subang Jaya for three years.

They will be in America for a fortnight.

Since
Examples

He has been studying in Australia since 2002.

Farouk has not written to me since January.

There was been no rain since last month.

We have not played football since Salim left our kampung.

3. Prepositions of time

The book is on the chair.	The ball is under the table.
The fan is above the boy.	The cat is between the three and the car.
The boy is beside the car.	Haiqal sits next to Harjit in class.
The walking stick is against the wall.	The teacher is standing among his pupils.
There is a kitten in the box.	The spoon is near the bowl.